THE ART OF TRADITIONAL MUSIC INSTRUMENT ANGKLUNG of specific INDONESIA
Angklung is a traditional musical instrument from West Java, made of bamboo, which was rung by digoyangkan (noise caused by the clash of bodies bamboo pipes) so as to produce a sound that vibrates in the composition of the tone two, three, up to four tones in every size, large and small. Barrel (tone) as a musical instrument angklung Sundanese traditions are mostly salendro and pelog.
The origin of Angklung
In the thicket of art that uses musical instruments from bamboo known type of art called the Angklung. The bamboo species commonly used as a musical instrument is awi Wulung (black bamboo) and awi temen (white bamboo). Purwa angklung visual instrument, each note (the barrel) generated from the sound of bamboo-shaped tube wilahan (bars) of each segment of bamboo from a small size to large.
Angklung is a musical instrument from West Java. Angklung gubrag in Jasinga, Bogor, is one who is still alive after more than 400 years ago. Rite begins its emergence from rice. Angklung created and played to lure Dewi Sri down to Earth so that the people of the rice plant thrives.
Known by the Sundanese society since the time of the Sunda kingdom, among them as penggugah spirit in battle. Angklung function as pumping continues to feel the spirit of the people still come to the colonial period, that's why the Dutch East Indies government had banned the public use the angklung, the ban has had a chance to make angklung popularity declining and only played by children at that time.
The origin of the creation of bamboo music, such as angklung based on the view that the agrarian life of the Sundanese community with a source of life from rice (bitter melon) as main food. This gave birth to the myth of trust against Nyai Pohaci as a symbol of Goddess Sri Padi giver of life (breathe-hurip).
Reflection Sundanese people formerly in agricultural processing (tatanen), especially in cultivating rice and has spawned the creation of poetry and song as a tribute and a gift to Sri Pohaci Nyai, and the efforts nyinglar (starting bala) to match a plant they do not invite disaster, both pest and disasters other natural. Lyrics to the song to honor Nyi Buhun Sri Pohaci the example:
Furthermore, the songs are offerings to Dewi Sri, accompanied by the sound of drum accompaniment made from bamboo poles that are packed and then was born the structure of simple bamboo musical instrument we know today named angklung. Subsequent developments in the game Angklung accompanied by elements of tradition and ibing movement (dance) rhythmic (to wirahma) with patterns and rules = rules in accordance with the needs of a memorial service at the time of paddy rice paraded to the barn (ngampih pare, nginebkeun), also mitembeyan at times, began to plant rice in some places in West Java called ngaseuk.
Similarly at harvest feast and games dedicated angklung seren epidemic. Especially in the presentation ceremony Angklung associated with rice, art became a nature show or helaran pageantry, even in some places into the convoy and Dongdang Rengkong and Jampana (stretcher food) and so forth.
During its development, growing and spreading to angklung throughout Java, then to Kalimantan and Sumatra. In 1908 recorded a cultural mission from Indonesia to Thailand, among others, marked the transfer angklung and bamboo music of this game even had time to spread there.
In fact, since 1966, Udjo Ngalagena angklung figures who developed the technique based on the barrel-barrel game pelog, salendro, and madenda-start teaching how to play the angklung to the many people from various communities.
Angklung Kanekes
Angklung Kanekes area (we often call them Baduy) is used primarily because of its connection with the rites of rice, not solely for the entertainment of people. Angklung used or rung when they grow rice in shifting cultivation (field). Angklung plays when there are only growing rice free rung (dikurulungkeun), especially in Kajeroan (Tangtu; Baduy Jero), and there is a certain rhythm, which is in Kaluaran (Outer Badui). Nevertheless, it can still be displayed on the outside but still have the rite paddy rules, for example, may only beaten until their pare ngubaran (treating paddy), about three months from the day planted rice. After that, during the next six months all the arts should not be played, and can be played again on the next rice planting season. Closing angklung implemented with event called musungkeun angklung, namely nitipkeun (left, save) angklung after use.
In entertainment, Angklung usually held during a full moon and no rain. They play in the game angklung (pages in the rural area), singing various songs, among others: Javan Kasarung, Yandu Aunt, Yandu Sala, Ceuk Arileu, Oray-orayan, Dengdang, Yari Gandang, Oyong-Oyong Kuhl, Kula Agency, Kokoloyoran, Swing, swing, Pileuleuyan, Gandrung Manggu, Rujak Gadung Mulung Muncang, Giler, Ngaranggeong, Aceukna, Marengo, Salak Sadapur, Rangda Ngendong, Celementre, Keupat Reundang, Papacangan, and Culadi Dengdang. The drummer angklung eight men and three small drum drummer create a standing position while walking in a circle formation. Meanwhile others had ngalage (dance) with a specific movement that has been standard but simple. Everything is done only by men. This differs from the public Daduy In, they are limited by custom with the various rules pamali (abstinence; taboo), should not be doing things excessive worldly pleasures. Art made solely for purposes of ritual.
Angklung names in Baduy of the largest are: ovarian, ringkung, Dongdong, gossip, engklok, ovarian leutik, torolok, and Roel. Roel which consists of two pieces held by a angklung. The names of the drum from which the longest is: drum, talingtit, and percussion. The use of drum instruments there is a difference, namely in the villages they use drum Kaluaran of three fruits. In Kajeroan; village Cikeusik, using only the drum and talingtit, without percussion. In Kajeroan, Cibeo village, just use the drum, without talingtit and percussion.
In Baduy who is a person entitled to make angklung Kajeroan (Tangtu; Baduy Jero). Kajeroan consists of three villages, namely Cibeo, Cikartawana, and Cikeusik. In all three villages is not everyone can make it, only to have offspring and have the right kind of work in addition to the requirements of ritual. Angklung makers in the famous Cikeusik is Amir's father (59), and in Cikartawana Tarnah dad. People buy from people Kajeroan Kaluaran in these three villages.
Angklung Dogdog Lojor
Art is available at the community Dogdog lojor Kasepuhan pancer Pangawinan or customs union Banten Kidul scattered around Mount Mist (bordering Jakarta, Bogor and Lebak). Although this art is called Dogdog lojor, ie name of one of the instruments in it, but there is also used for connection with angklung rice rituals. Once a year, after harvesting the entire community organizes Serah Seren Taun Taun or traditional village center. Traditional village center as a place of residence kokolot (elders) the place is always moving as directed supernatural.
Honor the tradition of rice in this community is still carried out because they include people who are still holding fast to old customs. By tradition they claim to be descendants of the officers and soldiers in the palace Pajajaran Baresan Pangawinan (a soldier armed with a lance). Kasepuhan community has embraced Islam and somewhat open to the influence of modernization, as well as entertainment things worldly pleasures can be enjoyed. This attitude is also influential in terms of functionality in the arts that since around the 1970s, Dogdog lojor has been progressing, which is used to enliven the child's circumcision, marriage and other festive events. Instruments used in the art are two pieces Dogdog lojor Dogdog angklung lojor and four large pieces. These four fruit angklung has a name, the largest called barking, then panembal, kingking, and inclok. Each instrument is played by one, so all of six people.
Songs include Dogdog lojor Bale Agung, Side hideung, shaky-shaky Papanganten, Si stumps kawung, Adulilang, and Adu-complaint. These songs form with rhythmic vocal angklung Dogdog and tend to stay.
Angklung Gubrag
Angklung gubrag Cipining there in the village, district Cigudeg, Bogor. Angklung has old age and used to honor the goddess of rice in bitter melon perform activities (planting rice), ngunjal pare (transporting rice), and ngadiukeun (put) into leuit (barn).
In the myth angklung gubrag started there was a time when the village experienced a bad season Cipining.
Angklung Badeng
Badeng is a type of art that emphasize the musical aspect with angklung as the main instrument. Sanding there Badeng Village, District Malangbong, Garut. Used to serve as entertainment for the benefit of the Islamic da'wah. But Badeng allegedly been used since the old society from the period before Islam for events related to rice planting rituals. As an art to preaching trusted Badeng developed since Islam spread in this area around the 16th century or 17th. At that time the population Sanding, Arpaen and Nursaen, learn the religion of Islam into the kingdom of Demak. After returning from Demak they call people to spread the Islamic religion. One of the means of spreading Islam is the artistry with which Badeng.
Angklung used as many as nine pieces, namely two angklung Roel, a angklung intelligence, 4 Angklung Angklung ovary and father, two children angklung; two Dogdog fruit, 2 fruit fly or gembyung, as well as a kecrek. The text uses the Sundanese language mixed with Arabic. In its development is now also used the Indonesian language. The contents of the text contains Islamic values and good advice, and according to the purposes of the event. In addition to presenting the show tunes, is also presented kesaktian attractions, such as slicing the body with a sharp weapon.
Songs Badeng: Lailahaileloh, Ya'ti, Kasreng, Yautike, Lilimbungan, Solaloh.
Buncis
Beans is a performing art that is entertainment, of which there are at Baros (Arjasari, Bandung). At first the beans used at events related to rice farming. But at the present time beans are used as an entertainment art. This relates to the changing view of society that began less attention to the things smelly old beliefs. 1940s can be regarded as the end of the ritual functions in respect of rice beans, because since the beans turn into an entertaining show. In line with that of rice storage places too (leuit; barn) began to disappear from people's homes, places replaced with a more practical bag, and easy to carry everywhere. Rice now too many are either sold, not stored in the barn. Thus art beans that had been used for events ngunjal (carrying rice) is not needed anymore.
Name associated with a bean art song texts are well known among the people, namely cis nyengcle beans ... and so on. The text included in arts beans, so the art is called beans.
The instrument used in the arts beans are two angklung ovary, 2 angklung ambrug, angklung panempas, 2 angklung pancer 1 angklung enclok. Then three pieces Dogdog, consisting of a talingtit, panembal, and badublag. In its growth, coupled with tarompet, kecrek, and Goong. Angklung beans salendro barreled barreled with song vocals can madenda or gamelan. Beans Songs include: Badud, Beans, Renggong, Senggot, Jalantir, Jangjalik, Ela-ell, Mega beureum. Now the songs have been using the same beans songs from the gamelan, with the singer who was the man angklung players, now by a special lady to sing.
Of the several types of bamboo to music in West Java (Angklung) above, are some examples of just about angklung performing arts, which consists of: Angklung Beans (Priangan / Bandung), Angklung Badud (East Priangan / Ciamis), Angklung Bungko (Indramayu) Angklung Gubrag (Bogor), Angklung Ciusul (Bantam), Angklung Dog dog Lojor (Sukabumi), Angklung Badeng (Malangbong, Garut), and Angklung Angklung Padaeng which is identical to the National with diatonic scales, developed since 1938. Angklung is derived from typical Indonesian Sundanese angklung development. Angklung Sunda who pitched a five (salendro or pelog) by Daeng Sutigna aka The Etjle (1908-1984) changed his tone to Western scales (solmisasi) so that it can play a variety of other songs. Investment results and then be taught to school students and played a big orchestra.
